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Debt-to-Income (DTI) Calculator

Calculate your debt-to-income ratio from your gross monthly income and monthly debt payments, including separate front-end and back-end DTI.

Find your back-end and front-end debt-to-income ratios from your gross income and monthly debt payments.

Result

How to Use

  1. Enter your gross monthly income — the amount before taxes and other deductions, not your take-home pay.
  2. Enter each monthly debt payment you have (they default to $0, so leave any that don't apply as-is). Only count actual debt obligations — not everyday living expenses like groceries, utilities, or insurance, which don't count toward DTI.
  3. The result shows your total monthly debt, your back-end DTI (every debt payment combined against your income), and your front-end DTI (housing payment alone against your income) — the two ratios lenders most commonly reference.

Formula

Total monthly debt
total_debt = housing + car loan + student loan + credit card minimums + other debt payments
Back-end DTI
back_end_dti = total_debt ÷ gross_monthly_income × 100
Front-end DTI
front_end_dti = housing_payment ÷ gross_monthly_income × 100

Worked Example

$6,000 gross monthly income, with $1,500 housing, $400 car loan, $200 student loan, and $150 in credit card minimums.

  1. Total monthly debt: $1,500 + $400 + $200 + $150 + $0 = $2,250
  2. Back-end DTI: $2,250 ÷ $6,000 × 100 = 37.5%
  3. Front-end DTI: $1,500 ÷ $6,000 × 100 = 25%

Result: Total monthly debt payments: $2,250.00 / Back-end DTI: 37.5% / Front-end DTI: 25% / Generally considered: Borderline.

About This Tool

What this tool does

This calculator finds your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio two ways: back-end DTI, which weighs every monthly debt payment you have against your income, and front-end DTI, which weighs your housing payment alone — both figures lenders commonly look at, especially for mortgage qualification.

When to use it

Use it before applying for a mortgage or other major loan to see roughly where you stand, or to check how paying down a specific debt (or taking on a new housing payment) would change your ratio.

What the result means

A lower DTI generally means more of your income is free after debt obligations, which is why lenders use it as a risk measure. Front-end DTI isolates housing costs specifically, since mortgage lenders often apply a separate, usually stricter, threshold to that number alone.

Assumptions & limitations

Income here must be gross (before taxes and other deductions) — DTI is conventionally calculated on gross income, not your net take-home pay, since that's the standard lenders use. Only actual debt obligations count as "debt" for this ratio: loan and credit payments, not everyday living expenses like groceries, utilities, subscriptions, or insurance premiums, which are real costs but aren't counted toward DTI by any lender. The guidance bands shown (36% and 43%) are general, informal rules of thumb, not a fixed regulatory ceiling or any specific lender's or loan program's actual requirement — DTI limits vary by lender and loan type and change over time; for example, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau removed the hard 43% DTI limit from its General Qualified Mortgage rule in its 2021 amendments. This is not a pre-qualification, loan approval, or lending decision of any kind.

Frequently Asked Questions

What counts as debt for a DTI calculation?
Recurring debt obligations: housing payments (rent or mortgage, including HOA if it applies), car loans, student loans, minimum credit card payments, and any other installment or revolving debt payments. Living expenses like groceries, utilities, phone bills, subscriptions, and insurance are real costs but are not counted as debt for DTI purposes.
Why does this use gross income instead of my take-home pay?
DTI is conventionally calculated against gross income (before tax and other deductions) because that's the standard figure lenders use to evaluate it — using your smaller net/take-home pay instead would produce a DTI that doesn't match what a lender would actually calculate.
What's the difference between front-end and back-end DTI?
Front-end DTI looks at your housing payment alone against your income; back-end DTI looks at all of your monthly debt payments combined, including housing. Mortgage lenders commonly look at both, often with a stricter threshold for the front-end (housing-only) figure.
Is 43% a hard limit for mortgage approval?
No — 43% is a commonly cited rule of thumb, not a rule every lender follows today. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's General Qualified Mortgage rule used to cap DTI at 43%, but that specific limit was removed in the 2021 amendments. Actual DTI limits vary by lender, loan program, and the rest of your financial picture, and can change over time — always check current requirements with an actual lender rather than treating any single percentage here as a fixed cutoff.